2018年11月10日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Father of Modern Management

2018年11月10日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Father of Modern Management

Peter Drucker (born in 1909) in known as a the father of modern management. As a prolific writer, business consultant and lecturer, he introduced many management concepts that have been embraced by corporations around the world.

A It's been said that Peter Drucker invented the discipline of management. Before he wrote his first book on the topic, he knew of only two companies in the world with management development programs. Ten years after the book's publication, 3,000 companies were teaching the subject. Widely considered as the father of “modern management” he wrote 39 books and countless scholarly and popular articles exploring how humans are organized in all sectors of society-business, government and the nonprofit world. His writings have predicted many of the major developments of the late twentieth century, including privatization and decentralization; the rise of Japan to a world economic power; the decisive importance of marketing; and the emergence of the information society with its necessity of lifelong learning.

B Drucker has said that writing is the foundation of everything he does. In 1937, he published his first book, which was written in Europe. The End of Economic Man: A Study of the New Totalitarianism examined the spiritual and social origins of fascism. In 1940, before the United States entered World War II, he wrote The Future of Industrial Man, in which he presented his social vision for the postwar world. In 1943, General Motors asked Drucker to study its management practices. Drucker accepted and spent 18 months researching and writing the 1945 book Concept of the Corporation.

C The concepts Drucker introduced in the 1940s and l950s have endured. In 1954, Drucker wrote his first book that taught people how to manage. Titled The Practice of Management, it introduced the concept of “management by objectives”. Management by objectives requires managers to establish goals for their subordinates and devise means of measuring results. Workers are then left alone to perform as they will and measure their performance. Drucker wrote, “It is not possible to be effective unless one first decides what one wants to accomplish.” He went on to explain that every worker must be given the tools “to appraise himself, rather than be appraised and controlled from the outside” Management by objectives has become an accepted business concept and is probably Drucker’s most important contribution. Drucker issued challenges to junior, middle and senior management: “The very term ‘middle management’ is becoming meaningless as some will have to learn how to work with people over whom they have no direct line control, to work transnationally, and to create, maintain, and run systems-none of which are traditionally middle management tasks.” It is top management that faces the challenge of setting directions for the enterprise, of managing the fundamentals.

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雅思阅读真题题目：

Questions 14-19

Reading Passage 2 has 6 paragraphs A-F. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below. Write the correct number: i-x, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i Introducing new management concepts to postwar era

ii Ideas that stood the test of time iiiEarly publications

iv Shifting the focus of management in modern manufactures v Thinker and scholar with world-wide popularity viDrucker’s concepts are flawed

vii The changing role of employees in management

viii Find fault with Drucker

ix Iconic view of “management by objectives”

14. Paragraph A

15. Paragraph B

16. Paragraph C

17. Paragraph D

18. Paragraph E

19. Paragraph F

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