2019年12月7日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Can we call it “ART"? Life-casting and Art

2019年12月7日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Can we call it “ART"? Life-casting and Art

（Passage2）

A When these life castings were made in the 19th century, no one thought of them as art. But, if critics today can hail Tracey Emin's unmade bed and the lights going off and on in a gallery as masterpieces of some kind, then shouldn't these more skillful and profoundly strange works have a greater claim on our attention?

B Art changes over time; what is art changes, too. Objects intended for devotional(虔诚的)，ritualistic or recreational use are recategorized, by latecomers from another civilisation who no longer respond to these original purposes. Where would New Yorker cartooning be without Lascaux gags in which one bison painter makes anachronistically "artistic" remarks to another? What also happens is that techniques and crafts judged non-artistic at the time are reassessed.

C In the 19th century, lifecasting was to sculpture what photography was to painting; and both were viewed as cheating short-cuts by the senior arts. Their virtues of speed and unwavering realism also implied their limitations; they left little or no room for the imagination. For many, lifecasting was an insult to the sculptor's creative gesture; in a famous lawsuit of 1834, a moulder whose mask of the dying Napoleon had been reproduced and sold without his permission, was judged to have no rights in the image in other words, he was specifically held not to be an artist. Rodin said of life-casting: "It happens fast, but it doesn't make art” Others feared that the whole canon of aesthetics might be blown off course if too much nature was allowed in, it would lead art away from its proper pursuit of the ideal.

D Gauguin, at the end of the century, worried about future developments in photography: if ever the process went into colour, what painter would labour away at a likeness with a brush made from squirrel-tail? But painting has proved robust. Photography changed it, of course, just as the novel had to reassess narrative after the arrival of the cinema. But the gap between the senior and junior arts was always narrower than the die-bards implied: painters have always used technical back-up studio assistants to do the boring bits, cameras lucida and obscura; while apparently lesser crafts involve great skill, thought, preparation, choice, and depending how we define it imagination. Life-casting was complex, technical work, as Benjamin Robert Haydon discovered when he poured 250 liters of plaster over his black model Wilson and nearly killed him.

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Questions 14-18

The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-H, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

14 Technicians do the boring work

15 A trial on a famous figure's mask in 19th century

16 Intention from author is claimed matters in Art

17 How to assess an art

18 Detailed depiction of an earlier work

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