2015年11月21日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：British Architecture 2

2015年11月21日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：British Architecture 2

A  Architecture is about evolution, not revolution. It used to be thought that once the Romans pulled out of Britain in the fifth century, their elegant villas, carefully-planned towns and engineering marvels like Hadrian's Wall simply fell into decay as British culture was plunged into the Dark Ages. It took the Norman Conquest of 1066 to bring back the light, and the Gothic cathedral-builders of the Middle Ages played an important part in the revival of British culture. However, the truth is not as simple as that Romano-British culture-and that included architecture along with language, religion,political organization and the arts-survived long after the Roman withdrawal. And although the Anglo-Saxons had a sophisticated building style of their own, little survives to bear witness to their achievements as the vast majority of Anglo-Saxon buildings were made of wood.

B  Even so, the period between the Norman landing at Pevensey in 1066 and the day in 1485 when Richard III lost his horse and his head at Bosworth, ushering in the Tudors and the Early Modern period, marks a rare flowering of British building. And it is all the more remarkable because the underlying ethos ( n.道德思想)of medieval architecture was “fitness for purpose”. The great cathedrals and parish churches that lifted up their towers to heaven were not only acts of devotion in stone; they were also fiercely functional buildings. Castles served their particular purpose and their battlements and turrets ( n.角楼)were for use rather than ornament In a sense, the buildings of the 16th century were also governed by fitness for purpose-only now, the purpose was very different. In domestic architecture, in particular, buildings were used to display status and wealth.

C  This stately and curious workmanship showed itself in various ways. A greater sense of security led to more outward-looking buildings, as opposed to the medieval arrangement where the need for defense created houses that faced inward onto a courtyard or series of courtyards. This allowed for much more in the way of exterior ornament. The rooms themselves tended to be bigger and lighter-as an expensive commodity, the use of great expanses of glass was in itself a statement of wealth. There was also a general move towards balanced and symmetrical exteriors with central entrances.

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Questions 28-34

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 28-34 on your answer sheet.

28 The Anglo-Saxon architecture failed to last because the buildings were constructed in..........

29 Different from the medieval architecture, the buildings of the 16th century represents

30 The costly glass was applied widely as an...........in that years

31 Inigo Jones was skilled at handling........... style.

32 William Morris favored the production of............made in pre-industrial manufacturing techniques.

33 The architects such as...........provided the landlord with conservative houses.

34 After World War Two, the architect commission shifted from individual to.............

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