雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Elnino and Seabirds

雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Elnino and Seabirds

A Rhythm of the seasons cannot always be relied upon. At times the tropical Pacific Ocean and large expanses of the global atmosphere seem to be marching to the beat of a different drummer, disrupting the normal patterns of countless species of plants and animals along with hundreds of millions of human beings. So they want anticipate these occasional lapses in the march of the seasons and help societies plan accordingly, scientists are seeking to understand these competing rhythms: the strongest of which is the alternation between the “normal climate” and a different but still recurrent set of climatic conditions in the Pacific region called El Nino.

B Seabirds are prominent and highly visible components of marine ecosystems that will be affected by global climate change. The Bering Sea region is particularly important to seabirds; populations there are larger and more diverse than in any similar region in North America—over 90% of seabirds breeding in the continental United States are found in this region. Seabirds, so named because they spend at least 80% of their lives at sea, are dependent upon marine resources for food. As prey availability changes in response to climatically driven factors such as surface sea temperature and extent of sea ice, so will populations of seabirds be affected.

C Seabirds are valued as indicators of healthy marine ecosystems and provide a “vicarious use value” or existence value—people appreciate and value seabirds simply because they are there and enjoy them through venues such as pictures, nature programs, and written accounts without ever directly observing seabirds in their native environment. A direct measure of this value is demonstrated by Federal legislation that established specific national wildlife refuges to protect seabirds and international treaty obligations that provide additional protection for seabirds. Seabirds are also an important subsistence resource for many who live within the Bering Sea Region. Furthermore, the rich knowledge base about seabirds makes them a valuable resource as indicator species for measurement of change in the marine environment.

D The most abundant breeding species in Alaska are northern fulmars, storm-petrels, kittiwakes, murres, auklets and puffins. These species also form the largest colonies. Fulmars, storm-petrels and kittiwakes are surface feeders, picking their prey from the surface or just below the surface; murres, auklets, and puffins dive for their food. Fulmars nest primarily on island groups in and around the Bering Sea. They take a wide variety of prey (e.g., fish, squid, zooplankton, jellyfish) from the surface or just below the surface. Storm-petrels are strictly nocturnal and nest below ground in either burrows or crevices between rocks. They forage on zooplankton and squid; in some areas they are dependent upon small fish such as capelin and sand lance caught at the surface. Black-legged kittiwakes are widespread throughout Alaska, Canada and Eurasia while red-legged kittiwakes are found only in the Bering Sea region. Both are surface feeders although black-legged kittiwakes feed primarily on small fish and forage over the continental shelf and shelf break; red-legged kittiwakes feed primarily on myctophids and will forage beyond the shelf break.

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Questions 1-4

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

1. Why do scientists want to investigate El Nino phenomenon at beginning of the paragraph ?

A To learn patterns of creatures that live in marine environment.

B Assist us to map out because it disturbs normal cycle of for wildlife and human.

C It has profound theory for both the academic side and practical side.

D Tropical Pacific Ocean is where El Nino affects most.

2. Why do scientists use seabirds as important subjects when observe climate change World-widely?

A Seabirds affected by prey changes according to the temperature and ice.

B Its size is large enough to be observed.

C El Nino affects seabirds more than other sea creatures.

D North America is situated in the area where El Nino affects most.

3. What happened for Marine mammals that live in Tugidak Island in Gulf of Alaska?

A Number of seals declined about 85% from the mid of 20th century.

B Number of Steller sea lion declined while Number seals grew.

C Birth rate and breeding females declined on the Tugidak Island.

D The situation of mammals on the island is not that worse than we expected.

4. According to J. Walker, what happens in the monsoon seasons notably?

A Flood and drought seriously damage almost everywhere of the planet.

B Walker’s prediction would soon come true.

C Drought only affects some parts of Africa.

D Drought will affect somewhere of the earth such as Australia and Indonesia.

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