雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Production line

雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Production line

雅思阅读真题原文如下：

The ‘production line’ system of creating and assembling goods was for many years been the standard mode of operation for many industries. Cars, electronic equipment, packaging – many diverse companies have employed the same methods, and most have hit two main problems. The first is that unscheduled maintenance required on essential machinery has often held up production all along the line, and the second is the significant impact on employee morale. This has given rise to the increasingly adopted method of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) – a maintenance program which governs the maintenance of plants and equipment. The goal of the TPM program is to markedly increase production while, at the same time, increasing employee morale and job satisfaction.

The concept of TPM was first developed in Japan in the late 1970s, only moving to the western world a decade later, initial success of the programme in countries such as Australia was limited, but in the late 1990s a ‘westernised’ version of TPM was launched. TPM brings maintenance into focus as a necessary and vitally important pan of the business. It is no longer regarded as a non-profit activity. Down time for maintenance is scheduled as a part of the manufacturing day and, in some cases, as an integral part of the manufacturing process. The goal is to keep emergency and unscheduled maintenance to a minimum.

TPM involves directing participating companies and industries to move away from traditional methods of production to more efficient mechanisms. This is evident in TPM’s operational focus on lea production rather than mass production. The lean approach favours flexibility within a team, rather than the specialisation of labour Introduced with mass production. It also involves a shift away from being driven by the financial department of the company to a more customer focused goal. Another goal of the TPM method is to introduce quality control not by being overseen by managers, but rather by engendering a sense if responsibility amongst all staff; a move from autocratic management to empowerment. This shift means that shop floor workers are being able to take a sense of pride in their work, and with that comes the desire to perform well ultimately leading to higher productivity for the company.

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Questions 14-20

Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs A-G.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number i-x in boxes 14-20.

List of Headings

i Unique focus of TPM

ii Common issues TPM was establish to combat

iii Statistical weakness of TPM

iv The introduction of TPM

v Parallels with a former concept

vi Types of TPM coordination and training

vii Implementing TPM

viii The guiding principles of TPM

ix The impact of staff involvement

x Efficiency through involving all employees

xi The value of mass production techniques

14 ________________ Paragraph A

15 ________________ Paragraph B

16 ________________ Paragraph C

17 ________________ Paragraph D

18 ________________ Paragraph E

19 ________________ Paragraph F

20 ________________ Paragraph G

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