雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：​​​​​​​The Eisriesenwelt Ice Caves

雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：The Eisriesenwelt Ice Caves

雅思阅读真题原文如下：

A: Most caves are found in coastal regions, their existence being down to pure water erosion. Other common cave formations include those caused by lifting and volcanic lava streams. Eisriesenwelt, which holds the longest known system of ice caves in the world, was not formed by any one of these processes alone, and, in fact, owes its existence primarily to the water-soluble nature of the limestone rock found in the limestone mountains of the Austrian Alps around Salzburg.

B: The Alps themselves, one of the largest mountainous regions on earth, which stretch across most of Austria, Germany, Switzerland and on into Italy and France as well, were created by a process called lifting. The African and European tectonic plates moved towards each other. The impact of the eventual collision of the plates resulted in the formation of a large mountainous ridge stretching across the impact line. As the two plates continued to push towards each other, the ridge grew in size, eventually leading to the formation of cracks, rock displacements and fault lines. Once the Alps were raised, the hollow areas formed by pressure cracks started to be worked on by outside influences, especially water, and these influences then played their part over millions of years in the creation of the subterranean passages of Eisriesenwelt that we are familiar with today.

C: Rock composition also played an important role in the formation of the alpine caves. Extensive cave systems like Eisriesenwelt tend only to be located in the limestone Alps, primarily on account of limestone being water soluble, especially when it comes into contact with rain water that has been enriched with organic material. Over time, the limestone which came into contact with rain water broke down and dissolved, leaving large hollow areas to form underground. When the caves were first forming a few million years ago, the climate of the region was sub-tropical, meaning the level of solubility was even higher than it is today, so the erosion of the limestone occurred at a higher rate, too.

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Questions 1-3

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

The majority of caves around the world are found in coastal areas and were formed as a result of what substance acting on rock?

1 ________________

What process is responsible for the creation of the large mountainous ridge which stretches across much of Europe, more commonly known as the Alps?

2 ________________

What large areas were enabled to form by the limestone rock present in parts of the Alps?

3 ________________

Questions 4-9

Reading Passage 1 has seven sections, A-G.

Which section contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-G. Some letters may be used more than once; others not at all.

4 ________________ How rare ice caves and ice-cave systems are

5 ________________ How serious weathering of limestone rock in the Alps was responsible for the formation of other features besides caves

6 ________________ An explanation of why limestone was eroded more quickly in the distant past than it is being today

7 ________________ How the mountain range which is home to the Eisriesenwelt caves was formed

8 ________________ How caves with more than one entrance from which air can escape all year round can always remain cold enough in parts for ice to be present

9 ________________ How rock corrosion and water erosion do not necessarily have to play a direct role in the formation of ice caves

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