雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Monkeys and Forests

雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Monkeys and Forests

A

Ken Glander, a primatologist from Duke University, gazes into the canopy, tracking the female's movements. Holding a dart gun, he waits with infinite patience for the right moment to shoot. With great care, Glander aims and fires. Hit in the rump, the monkey wobbles.

B

This howler belongs to a population that has lived for decades at Hacienda La Pacifica, a working cattle ranch in Guanacaste province. Other native primates — white-faced capuchin monkeys and spider monkeys — once were common in this area, too, but vanished after the Pan-American Highway was built nearby in the 1950s. Most of the surrounding land was clear-cut for pasture.

C

Howlers persist at La Pacifica, Glander explains, because they are leaf-eaters. They eat fruit, when ifs available but, unlike capuchin and spider monkeys, do not depend on large areas of fruiting trees. Howlers can survive anyplace you have half a dozen trees, because their eating habits are so flexible,” he says. In forests, life is an arms race between trees and the myriad creatures that feed on leaves. Plants have evolved a variety of chemical defenses, ranging from bad-tasting tannins which bind with plant-produced nutrients, rendering them indigestible, to deadly poisons, such as alkaloids and cyanide.

D

All primates, including humans, have some ability to handle plant toxins. "We can detoxify a dangerous poison known as caffeine, which is deadly to a lot of animals:" Glander says. For leaf-eaters, long-term exposure to a specific plant toxin can increase their ability to defuse the poison and absorb the leaf nutrients.

E

The leaves that grow in regenerating forests, like those at La Pacifica, are actually more howler friendly than those produced by the undisturbed, centuries-old trees that survive farther south, in the Amazon Basin. In younger forests, trees put most of their limited energy into growing wood, leaves and fruit, so they produce much lower levels of toxin than do well- established, old-growth trees.

F

The value of maturing forests to primates is a subject of study at Santa Rosa National Park, about 35 miles northwest of Hacienda La Pacifica. The park hosts populations not only of mantled howlers but also of white-faced capuchins and spider monkeys. Yet the forests there are young, most of them less than 50 years old.

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雅思阅读真题题目：

Questions 14-18

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

14 Howlers stay in La Pacifica since their diet covers not only________________but also other plants.

15 Leaves that feed animals in forests contain a wide range of dangerous chemical composition including tannins and______________

16 Leaf-eaters may have a better ability to alleviate the toxin and take in the___________ if they are exposed to certain chemical substance for a long time.

17 The_______rate of Howlers is relatively higher than that of spider monkeys and capuchin monkeys，which is just 2-4 years.

18 Resistance to continuous____________in Guanacaste enables Howlers have a better adaptability than other monkey species.

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