雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：What accounts for knowledge

雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：What accounts for knowledge

A

What counts as knowledge? What do we mean when we say that we know something?What is the status of different kinds of knowledge?ln order to explore these questions we are going to focus on one particular area of knowledge—medicine.

B

How do you know when you are ill? This may seem to be an absurd question. You know you are ill because you feel ill; your body tells you that you are ill. You may know that you feel pain or discomfort but knowing you are ill is a bit more complex. At times, people experience the symptoms of illness, but in fact, they are simply tired or over-worked or they may just have a hangover. At other times, people may be suffering from a disease and fail to be aware of the illness until it has reached a late stage in its development. So how to we know we are ill, and what counts as knowledge?

C

Think about this example. You feel unwell. You have a bad cough and always seem to be tired. Perhaps it could be stress at work, or maybe you should give up smoking. You feel worse. You visit the doctor who listens to your chest and heart, takes your temperature and blood pressure, and then finally pressure, and then finally prescribes antibiotics for your cough.

D

Things do not improve but you struggle on thinking you should pull yourself together, perhaps things will ease off at work soon. A return visit to your doctor shocks you. This time the doctor, drawing on years of training and experience, diagnoses pneumonia. This means that you will need bed rest and a considerable time off work. The scenario is transformed. Although you still have the same symptoms, you no longer think that these are caused by pressure at work. You now have proof that you are ill. This is the result of your own subjective experience and the diagnosis of someone who has the status of a medical expert. You have a medically authenticated diagnosis and it appears that you are seriously ill; you know you are ill and have evidence upon which to base this knowledge.

E

This scenario shows many different sources of knowledge. For example, you decide to consult the doctor in the first place become you feel unwell—this is personal knowledge about your own body. However, the doctor’ s expert diagnosis is based on experience and training, with sources of knowledge as diverse as other experts, laboratory reports, medical textbooks and years of experience.

F

One source of knowledge is the experience of our own bodies; the personal knowledge we have of changes that might be significant, as well as the subjective experience of pain and physical distress. These experiences are mediated by other forms of knowledge such as the words we have available to describe our experience and the common sense of our families and friends as well as that drawn form popular culture. Over the past decade, for example, Western culture has been a significant emphasis on stress-related illness in the media. Reference to being stressed out has become a common response in daily exchanges in the workplace and has become part of popular common-sense knowledge. It is thus not surprising that we might seek such an explanation of physical symptoms of discomfort.

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雅思阅读真题题目：

Question 27-32 Complete the table.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Writer your answers in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

Question 33-40

The reading Passage has nine paragraphs A~l Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-l, in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

33 The contrast between the personal judgment and the knowledge of doctor.

34 The reference of culture about pressure.

35 A satisfactory and professional diagnosis needed to persuade employer.

36 How doctors are regarded in the society.

37 The symptom of the patients can be added as new information.

38 Situation of encountering non-specialised doctors.

39 An example of collective judgment from personal experience and a doctor.

40 A reference about those people who do not realize their illnes

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