雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Paper or Computer?

雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Paper or Computer?

A

Computer technology was supposed to replace paper. But that hasn’t happened every country in the western world uses more paper today, on a per-capita basis, than it did ten years ago. The consumption of uncoated free-sheet paper, for instance—the most common kind of office paper—rose almost fifteen per cent in the United States between 1995 and 2000. This is generally taken as evidence of how hard it is to eradicate old，wasteful habits and of how stubbornly resistant we are to efficiencies offered by computerization”

B

Economists at the I.M.F spend most of their time writing reports on complicated economic questions, work that would seem to be perfectly suited to sitting in front of a computer. Nonetheless, the I.M.F is awash in paper, and Sellen and Harper wanted to find out way. Their answer is that the business of writing reports at least at the I.M.F—is an intensely collaborative process, involving the professional judgments and contributions of many people. The economists bring drafts of reports to conference rooms, spread out the relevant pages, and negotiate changes with one other. They go back to their offices and jot down comments in the margin，taking advantage of freedom offered by the informality of the handwritten note. Then they deliver the annotated draft to the author in person, taking him, page by page, through the suggested changes. At the end of the process, the author spreads out all the pages with comments on his desk and starts to enter them on the computer—moving the pages around as he works, organizing and reorganizing, Saving and discarding.

C

Without paper, this kind of collaborative, iterative work process would be much more difficult. According to Sellen and Harper, paper has a unique set of “affordances”—that is, qualities that permit specific kind of uses. Paper is tangible: we can pick up a document，flip through it，read little bits here and there，and quickly get a sense of it. Paper is spatially flexible, meaning that we can spread it out and arrange it in the way that suits us best. And it’s tailorable: we can easily annotate it, and scribble on it as we read, without altering the original text Digital documents, of course, have their own affordances. They can be easily searched, shared, stored, accessed remotely, and linked to other relevant material. But they lack the affordances that really matter to a group working together on a report.

D

Paper enables a certain kind of thinking, for instance，the top of your desk. Chances are that you have a keyboard and a computer screen off to one side, and a clear space roughly eighteen inches square in front of your chair. What covers the rest of the desktop in probably piles—piles of papers journals, magazines, binders, postcards, videotapes, and all the other artifacts of the knowledge economy. The piles look like a mess, but they aren’t. When a group at Apple Computer studied piling behavior several years ago, they found that even the most disorderly piles usually make perfect sense to the piler, and office workers could hold forth in great detail about the precise history and meaning of their piles. The pile closest to the cleared, eighteen-inch-square working area, for example, generally represents the most urgent business, and within that pile the most important document of all is likely to be at the top. Piles are living, breathing archives. Over time, they get broken down and resorted, sometimes chronologically and sometimes thematically and sometimes chronologically and thematically; clues about certain documents may be physically embedded in the file by, say, stacking a certain piece of paper at an angle or inserting dividers into the stack.

E

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雅思阅读真题部分题目：

Questions 27-33

Reading passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet.

List of headings

I paper continued as a sharing or managing must

II Inspiring piles can be long habituated

iii process that economists used paper

iv overview of an unexpected situation: paper survived

v comparison between paper and computer

vi IMF’ paperless office seemed to be a waste of papers

vii example of failure for avoidance of paper record

viii advantages of using a paper in offices

ix piles reflect certain characteristics in people’ thought

x joy of having the paper square in front of computer

27 paragraph A

28 paragraph B

29 paragraph C

30 paragraph D

31 paragraph E

32 paragraph F

33 paragraph G

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