2017年10月5日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Food advertising on children

2017年10月5日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：Food advertising on children

This review was commissioned by the Food Standards Agency to examine the current research evidence on;

*the extent and nature of food promotion children

*the effect, if any, that this promotion has on their food knowledge, preferences and behaviour.

A. Children’s food promotion is dominated by television advertising, and the great majority of this promotes the so-called ‘Big Four’of pre-sugared breakfast cereals, soft-drinks, confectionary and savoury snacks. In the last ten years advertising for fast food outlets has rapidlyincreased. There is some evidence that the dominance of television has reinforces a need for multi-faceted communications combining television with merchandising, ‘tie-ins’ and point of sale activity. The advertised diet contrasts sharply with that recommended by public health advisors, and themes of fun and fantasy or taste, rather than health and nutrition, are used to promote it to children. Meanwhile, the recommended diet gets little promotional support.

B. There is plenty of evidence that children notice and enjoy food promotion. However, establishing whether this actually influences them is a complex problem. The review tackled it by looking atstudies that had examined possible effects on what children know about food,their food preferences, their actual food behaviour(both buying and eating),and their health outcomes(eg.obesity or cholesterol levels). The majority of studies examined food advertising , but a few examined other forms of food promotion. In terms of nutritional knowledge, food advertising seems to have little influence on children’s general perceptions of what constitutes ahealthy diet, but, in certain contexts, it does have an effect on more specific types of nutritional knowledge. For example, seeing soft drink and cereal adverts reduced primary aged children’s ability to determine correctly whether or not certain products contained real fruit.

C. The review also found evidence that food promotion influences children’s food preferences and their purchase behaviour.A study of primary school children, for instance, found that exposure to advertising influenced which foods they claimed to like; and another showed that labeling and signage on a vending machine had an effect on what was bought by secondary school pupils. A number of studies have also shown that food advertising can influence what children eat. One, for example, showed that advertising influenced a primary class’s choice of daily snack at playtime.

D. The next step, of trying to establish whether or not a link exists between food promotion and diet or obesity, is extremely difficult as it requires research to be done in real world settings.A number of studies have attempted this by using amount of television viewingas a proxy for exposure to television advertising. They have established aclear link between television viewing and diet, obesity, and cholesterol levels.It is impossible to say, however, whether this effect is caused by the advertising, the sedentary nature of television viewing or snacking that might take place whilst viewing. One study resolved this problem by taking a detailed diary of children’s viewing habits. This showed that the more food adverts theysaw, the more snacks and calories they consumed.

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雅思阅读真题题目：部分：

Questions 1-7

Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs,A-G

Chooes the most suitable heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below.

Write the appropriate number,i-x,in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i General points of agreements and disagreements of researchers

ii How much children really know about food

iii Need to take action

iv Advertising effects of the “Big Four”

v Connection of advertising and children’s weight problems

vi Evidence that advertising affects what children buy to eat

vii How parents influence children’s eating habits

viii Advertising’s focus on unhealthy options

ix Children often buy what they want

x Underestimating the effects advertising has on children

1 Paragraph A

2 Paragraph B

3 Paragraph C

4 Paragraph D

5 Paragraph E

6 Paragraph F

7 Paragraph G

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