2016年10月8日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：The Mozart Effect

2016年10月8日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：The Mozart Effect

A

Music has been used for centuries to heal the body. In the Ebers Papyrs (one of the earliest medical documents, circa 1500 B.C.), it was recorded that physicians chanted to heal the sick (Castleman, 1994). In various cultures, we have observed singing as part of healing rituals. In the world of Western medicine, however, using music in medicine lost popularity until the introduction of the radio. Researchers then started to notice that listening to music could have significant physical effects. Therapists noticed music could help calm anxiety and researchers saw that listening to music could cause a drop in blood pressure. In addition to these two areas, music has been used with cancer chemotherapy to reduce nausea, during surgery to reduce stress hormone production, during childbirth, and in stroke recovery (Castleman, 1994 and Westley, 1998). It has been shown to decrease pain as well as enhance the effectiveness of the immune system. In Japan, compilations of music are used as medication, of sorts. For example, if you want to cure a headache or migraine, the album suggested Mendelssohn's • Spring Song." Dvorak's "Humoresque." or part of George Gershwin's "An American in Paris” (Campbell. 1998). Music is also being used to assist in learning, in a phenomenon called the Mozart Effect

B

Frances H Rauscher. Ph. D, first demonstrated the correlation between music and learning in an experiment in 1993. His experiments indicated that a 10- minute dose of Mozart could temporarily boost intelligence. Groups of students were given intelligence tests after listening to silence. relaxation tapes, or Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major for a short time He found that after silence, the average IQ score was 110, and after the relaxation tape, scores rose a point After listening to Mozart, however, the scores jumped to 119 (Westley. 1998). Even students who did not like the music still had an increased score on the IQ test. Rauscher hypothesized that "listening to complex, non-repetitive music, like Mozart, may stimulate neural pathways that are important in thinking' (Castleman, 1994).

C

The same experiment was repeated on rats by Rauscher and Hong Li from Stanford. Rats also demonstrated enhancement in their intelligence performance. These new studies indicate that rats that were exposed to Mozart showed increased gene expression of BDNF (a neural growth factor). CRHB (a learning and memory compound), and Synapsin I (a synaplic growth protein) m the brain's hippocampus, compared with rats in the control group, which heard only white noise (e.g. the whooshing sound of a radio tuned between stations)

D

How exactly docs the Mozart effect work? Researchers are still trying to deter- mine the actual mechanisms for the formation of these enhanced learning pathways. Neuroscientists suspect that music can actually help build and strengthen connections between neurons in the cerebral cortex in a process similar to what occurs in brain development despite its type. When a baby is born, certain connections have already been made, like connections for heartbeat and breathing. As now information is learned and motor skills develop, new neural connections are formed. Neurons that are not used will eventually die while those used repeatedly will form strong connections. Although a large number of these neural connections require experience, they also must occur within a certain time frame. For example, a child born with cataracts cannot develop connections within the visual cortex. If the cataracts are removed by surgery right away, the child's vision develops normally. However, after the age of 2, if the cataracts are removed, the child will remain blind because those pathways cannot establish themselves.

E

Music seems to work in the same way. In October 7, researchers at the University of Konstanz, in Germany found that music actually rewires neural circuits (Begley, 1996). Although some of these circuits are formed for physical skills needed to play an instrument, just listening to music strengthens connection used in higher-order thinking Listening to music can then be thought of as “exercise” for the brain, improving concentration and enhancing intuition.

。。。。。雅思阅读真题原文部分省略。

雅思阅读真题题目：（考题有两种）

题目一：

Questions 27-31

Reading Passage 9 has eight paragraphs A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-M in boxes 1-5 On your answer sheet.

27 A description or how music affects the brain development of infants

28 Public's first reaction to the discovery of Mozart Effect

29 The description of Rauscher’s original experiment

30 The description of using music for healing in other countries

31 other qualities needed in all learning

。。。。。

题目二：

Questions 1-5

Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraph A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

1. Music influences brain development of baby.

2. Popularity of public to the introduction of Mozart Effect

3. Description of the pioneer experiment of a person

4. Music is helpful as a healing method in some places

5. Learning needs other qualities though

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