雅思阅读真题+题目+答案+译文：tea and industrial revolution

雅思阅读真题+题目+答案+译文：tea and industrial revolution

A Alan Macfarlane thinks he could rewrite history.The professor of anthropological science at Kings College, Cambridge, has, like other historians, spent decades trying to understand the enigma of the Industrial Revolution. Why did this particular important event - the world-changing birth of industry - happen in Britain? And why did it happen at the end of the 18th century?

A. Alan Macfarlane,在剑桥 King’s College 的人类科学教授已经像其他历史学家一样，花了几十年来研究工业革命的谜团。为什么就是这个大爆炸 -世界改变的工业出生-发生在英国?为什么它是在 18 世纪末发生?

B Macfarlane compares the question to puzzle.He claims that there were about 20 different factors and all of them need to be present before the revolution could happen. The chief conditions are to be found in history textbooks.For industry to "take off", there needs to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labour, easy transport to move goods around, an affluent middle-class willing to buy mass-produced objects, a market-driven economy and a political system that allows this to happen. While this was the case for England, other nations, such as Japan, Hollands and France also met some of these criteria .All these factors must have been necessary but not sufficient to cause the revolution.Holland had everything except coal, while China also had many of these factors.

B. Macfarlane 把这个谜放到一个综合因素考虑。“大概有 20 个不同的因素，在改革发生前，所有的这些因素都必须符合。”他说。为了工业起飞，必须要有技术与力量来推动工厂，城镇人口众多来提供廉价劳力，运输便利来四处运货，一个富有的中产阶级愿意买批量生产的货物，一个市场趋动型经济和一个允许这个发生的政治体系。当这就是英国的情况时，其它的国家，比如日本，荷兰与法国也符合了其中的几条，但它们没有发生工业革命。“要发生工业革命，所有的这些因素都是必须的，但不是充份的，” Macfarland 说，“毕竟，荷兰除了煤之外其他都有，而中国也有很多因素。大部分的历史学家感知到为了解开工业革命的这把锁，那儿总有一或二个缺失的要素。”

C Most historians, however, are convinced (v. 相信) that one or two missing factors are needed to solve the puzzle. The missing factors, he proposes, are to be found in every kitchen cupboard. Tea and beer, two of the nation’s favorite drinks, drove the revolution. Tannin, the active ingredient (n. 成分) in tea, and hops, used in making beer, both contain antiseptic (adj. 防腐的、杀菌的 ) properties. This -plus the fact that both are made with boiled water- helped prevent epidemics (n. 流行病、传染病 ) of waterborne diseases, such as dysentery, in densely populated urban areas. The theory initially sounds eccentric but his explanation of the detective work that went into his deduction and the fact his case has been strengthened by a favorable appraisal (n. 评估) of his research by Roy Porter (distinguished medical historian) the skepticism (n. 怀疑、批评) gives way to wary admiration.

C. 缺失的要素，他提出，在几乎每个厨房的橱柜中都能找到。茶与啤酒，两个国家最喜欢的饮品，推动了革命。鞣酸，茶里面的积极成份，和啤酒中的蛇麻草中的消毒特征 -加上两者都是由沸水做成 -允许城镇社区近距离地活跃而不用屈服于水引发的疾病，比如痢疾。这个理论听起来很离奇，但一旦他开始解释他结论的推演，怀疑的人也会给予谨慎的佩服。 Macfarlane 的案子已经被从显著的 quarters – Roy Porter，著名的医药历史学家，最近写了一本关于他的研究的积极赞评所支持。

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雅思阅读真题题目：

Questions 1~7

Reading passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

List of headings

i Cases of Japan, Holland and France

ii City development in Japan

iii Tea drinking in Japan and Britain

iv Failed to find a plausible cause for mystery about lower mortality rate

v Preconditions necessary for industrial revolution

vi Time and place of industrialization

vii Conclusion drawn from the comparison with Japan

viii Relation between population and changes of drink in Britain

ix Two possible solutions to the puzzle

1. Paragraph A

2. Paragraph B

3. Paragraph C

4. Paragraph D

5. Paragraph E

6. Paragraph F

7. Paragraph G

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