2016年12月10日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：consecutive and simultaneous translation

2016年12月10日雅思阅读真题+题目+答案：consecutive and simultaneous translation

A

When people are faced with a foreign-language barrier, the usual way round it is to find someone to interpret or translate for them. The term‘translation’, is the neutral term used for all tasks where the meaning or expressions in one language (the source language) is turned into the meaning of another (the ‘target’ language), whether the medium is spoken, written, or signed. In specific professional contexts, however, a distinction is drawn between people who work with the spoken or signed language (interpreters), and those who work with the written language (translators). There are certain tasks that blur this distinction, as when source speeches turned into target writing. But usually the two roles are seen as quite distinct, and it is unusual to find one person who is equally happy with both occupations. Some writers on translation, indeed, consider the interpreting task to be more suitable for extravert ( 外向的) personalities, and the translating task for introverts ( 内向的人).

B

Interpreting is today widely known from its use in international political life. Then senior ministers from different language backgrounds meet, the television record invariably shows a pair of interpreters hovering in the background. At major conferences, such as the United Nations General Assembly, the presence of headphones is a clear indication that a major linguistic exercise is taking place. In everyday circumstances, too interpreters are frequently needed, especially in cosmopolitan societies formed by new reiterations ( 反复) of mmigrants and Gastarbeiter ( 客籍工人) . Often, the business of law courts, hospitals, local health clinics, classrooms, or industrial tribunals cannot be carried on without the presence of an interpreter. Given the importance and frequency of this task, therefore, it is remarkable that so little study has been made of what actually happens when interpreting takes place, and of how successful an exercise it is.

C

There are two main kinds of oral translation-consecutive( 连贯的) and simultaneous ( 同时的). In consecutive translation the translating starts after the original speech or some part of it has been completed. Here the interpreter’s strategy and the final results depend, to a great extent on the length of the segment to be translated. If the segment is just a sentence or two the interpreter closely follows the original speech. As often as not, however, the interpreter is expected to translate a long speech which has lasted for scores of minutes or even longer. In this case he has to remember a great number of messages; and keep them in mind until he begins his translation. To make this possible the interpreter has to take notes of the original messages, various systems of notation having been suggested for the purpose. The study of, and practice in, such notation is the integral part of the interpreter’s training as are special exercises to develop his memory.

D

Doubtless the recency ( 崭新) of developments in the field partly explains this neglect. One procedure, consecutive interpreting, is very old - and presumably dates from the Tower of Babel ! Here, the interpreter translates after the speaker has finished speaking, This approach is widely practiced in informal situations, as well as in committees and small conferences. In larger and more formal settings, however, it has been generally replaced by simultaneous interpreting - a recent development that arose from the availability of modern audiological equipment and the advent of increased international interaction following the Second World War.

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雅思阅读真题题目：

Questions 1-5

Choose the correct letter. A, B, CorD. Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

1. In which way does author state translation at the beginning of the passage?

A. abstract and concrete meaning

B. general and specific meaning

C. several examples of translation’s meaning

D. different meaning in various profession

2. Application of headphone in a UN conference tells us that:

A. TV show is being conducted

B. radio program is on the air

C. two sides are debating

D. language practice is in the process

3. In the passage, what is author's purpose of citing Tower of Babel?

A. interpreting secret is stored in the Tower

B. interpreter emerged exactly from time of Tower of Babel

C. consecutive interpreting has a long history

D. consecutive interpreting should be abandoned

4. About simultaneous interpreting, which of the following is TRUE?

A. it is an old and disposable interpretation method

B. it doesn’t need outstanding professional ability

C. it relies on professional equipment

D. it takes less than two seconds ear-voice span

5. In consecutive translation, if the section is longer than expected, what would an interpreter most probably do?

A. he or she has to remember some parts ahead

B. he or she has to break them down first

C. he or she has to respond as quickly as possible

D. he or she has to remember all parts ahead

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